"Coming to Terms: Fundamentalists or Islamists?". (2018): What is Political Islam? (Lynne Rienner Publisher, Boulder)
“Political Islam.” In Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Some of the experts also use other descriptive terms in order to distinguish various ideological courses within political Islam: conservative, progressive, militant, radical, jihadist etc. Muqtedar Khan incorporates into political Islam all the Islamic movements promoting a political system based solely on Islam which must be followed by every Muslim. The term political Islam has been used in connection with foreign communities, referring to the movements or groups which have invested in a broad fundamentalist revival that is connected to a certain political agenda. Dekmejian was amongst the first of the experts who made remarks on politicisation of Islam in the context of the failure of secular Islamic governments while he uses both Islamism and Fundamentalism at the same time (rather than political Islam). Some experts use terms like Islamism, pointing out the same set of occurrences or they confuse both terms. In 2003, he stated that political Islam can also be seen as tautology because nowhere in the Muslim world is a religion separated from politics. Martin Kramer was one of the first experts who started using the term “political Islam” in 1980.
The terminology which is used for the phenomenon of political Islam differs among experts.
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